Concentric Structures in the Sedimentary Rocks of Lanark County, Ontario that are identical to the Ediacaran Holdfast Aspidella

As part of  my blog posting from September 13, 2013 that was entitled ‘A Selection of Fossils from the March Formation in Lanark County, Ontario’ I included a number of photographs of concentric disc shaped fossils from Tackaberry’s quarry a few miles north east of Perth, Ontario in the hopes that someone would study the fossils and provide an accurate identification.   That didn’t happen, as my blog posting failed to generate any interest.  I’ve decided to try again, with a more intriguing title.
 
Below I’ve included a number of additional photographs that I took in 2012 of concentric structures in the rocks at Tackaberry’s quarry.

 

When I first looked at the fossils I did ask a few geologists for their suggestions. One suggested  medusae.  Another suggested poorly preserved Gastropods.  To understand why their suggestions were reasonable, it helps to know that I showed them photographs of poorly preserved specimens from the large blocks surrounding the quarry,  before I started looking at specimens revealed by fresh blasting and photographed the specimens shown above and in my September 13, 2013 posting.   In addition, there are Gastropods in the March Formation and I’ve found broken specimens of Gastropods in loose blocks at Tackaberry’s quarry.

I now believe that most of the specimens I found were holdfasts, as the specimens are identical to Ediacaran fossils that have been identified as holdfasts.  While some might be medusae or badly preserved Gastropods or cross-sections of burrows, these would be in the minority.  Most appear to be Aspidella.

My photographs  may not be representative of all of the circular structures that I found, as I took photos of the most circular and best preserved specimens that I found.  There were many others that were poorly preserved, some that were more elliptical than circular, and some that were not complete circles, that did not get photographed.   Admittedly, that does bias the identification, and if I were to go back I would photograph ones with different shapes.  (I would also look for fronds.)  Interestingly, there were literally hundreds of specimens that did not get photographed.

Since I published the blog posting a tremendous number of authors have written on concentric discoid fossils, and I’ve included a number of those papers below, plus others that I found interesting, and others that included  photographs of concentric fossils that are similar to those found in Tackaberry’s quarry.  The two Youtube videos -- Cope, 2018 and Burzynski et al. 2017a -- are worth watching.   

What is interesting about the specimens that I photographed is that they are all loose specimens resulting from blasting at the quarry.   Accordingly, it is as likely that I photographed a bed top as a bed sole.   Another interesting point is that while everyone would likely concede that the top beds at the quarry belong to the March Formation and are of Ordovician age, it is not clear  how old the lowermost beds are.   The uppermost beds are variously coloured siltstones, mudstones and sandstones, and at least two uncomformities are visible.  The bottom beds are a reddish sandstone, and at least one Lanark based geologist has suggested that the bottom beds are Potsdam sandstone (which is Cambrian in age).    Interestingly, the second time I was at the quarry it was in the company of Dr. Bill Arnott and Dr. Al Donaldson.  At that time I picked up a sample of the  lowermost sandstone and suggested to Dr. Donaldson that it was Potsdam sandstone. He cautioned me that Precambrian sandstones can be as well preserved as Cambrian sandstones.

I did not find any concentric fossils in the red sandstone.

Christopher Brett
Ottawa


Selected Bibliography
   
Billings, E. 1872
On some fossils from the primordial rocks of Newfoundland. Canadian Naturalist and Quarterly Journal of Science. Volume  6, New Series, pages 465- 479 at pages 478-79.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32756#page/497/mode/1up

Boyce, W.D. and Reynolds, K., 2008
The ediacaran fossil Aspidella terranovica Billings, 1872 from St. John's Convention Centre Test Pit CjAe-33.  Current Research (2008) Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources  Geological Survey, Report 08-1, pages 55-61
https://www.nr.gov.nl.ca/mines&en/geosurvey/publications/cr2008/Boyce.pdf

Burzynski G., and  Narbonne G.M., 2015
The discs of Avalon: relating discoid fossils to frondose organisms in the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 434: 34-45
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.01.014
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271601343_The_discs_of_Avalon_Relating_discoid_fossils_to_frondose_organisms_in_the_Ediacaran_of_Newfoundland_Canada

Burzynski, G., Narbonne, G.M.,  Dececchi, T.A., and Dalrymple, R. W.,  2017a
The ins and outs of Ediacaran discs.  Recorded at the International Symposium on the Ediacaran-Cambrian Transition, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.  Palaeo cast, Published on 26 Sep 2017    Youtube Video. 13.37 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkwcUbAb0Vo

Burzynski G, Narbonne GM, Dececchi TA, and Dalrymple RW., 2017b.
The ins and outs of Ediacaran discs. Precambrian Research 300: 246-260 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301926817302978

Cope, J. C. W. 1983.
Precambrian faunas from the Carmarthen district. Nature in Wales, new series, volume 1, (2), 11–16, pls 1–2.   https://journals.library.wales/browse/1220475 

Cope, John C. W., 2018
The Ediacaran Fauna of the Llangynog Inlier, Carmarthenshire [Wales].
Paleocast. The Palaeontological Society, 62nd Annual meeting, 14th-17th December, 2018, University of Bristol.      Youtube Video.  14:44 minutes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvNFQaUxd4Q


Fedonkin, Mikhail A.,  Gehling, J.G., Grey, K., Narbonne, G. M., Vickers-Rich, P.,  2008
The Rise of Animals: Evolution and Diversification of the Kingdom Animalia.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  344 pages,  677 color illustrations
https://books.google.ca/books?isbn=0801886791

Gehling, J.G., Narbonne, G.M. and Anderson, M.M.,  2000:
The first named Ediacaran body fossil,  Aspidella terranovica . Palaeontology, Volume 43, pages 427-456.  DOI: 10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x
   
Grazhdankin, Dmitriy, and Gerdes Gisela, 2007
Ediacaran microbial colonies. Lethaia 40:201–210.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00025.x

Howe, Mike P.A. Evans, Mark, Carney, John N.  and Wilby, Philip, R., 2012
New perspectives on the globally important Ediacaran fossil discoveries in Charnwood Forest, UK: Harley’s 1848 prequel to Ford (1958).  Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 59 (2). 137-144.   https://doi.org/10.1144/pygs2012-321

Hofmann, H.J., 1971
Precambrian fossils, pseudofossils, and problematica in Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 189, 146 pages; Aspidella  at pages 14-17 and plate 5; Chuaria at page 24, plate11;.   https://doi.org/10.4095/123948

Hofmann, H. J., 1998
Synopsis of Precambrian fossil occurrences in North America,  in Geology of the Precambrian Superior and Grenville provinces and Precambrian fossils in North America; Lucas, S B; St-Onge, M R; Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada Series no. 7, 1998 p. 273-376, especially plates 1 & 2.  https://doi.org/10.4095/210104
   
Hofmann ,H.J., Mountjoy, E.W., Teitz, M.W., 1991.
Ediacaran fossils and dubiofossils, Miette Group of Mount Fitzwilliam area, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 28:1541- 1552
https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-070
https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/E10-070

Högström A., Jensen S., Palacios T.,. & Ebbestad, J. O. R., 2013. 
Information on the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition in the Vestertana Group, Finnmark, northern Norway, from trace fossils and organic-walled microfossils. Norwegian Journal of Geology
93: 95-106.    https://njg.geologi.no/images/NJG_articles/NJG_2_Vol93_Hogstrom_Pr.pdf

Inglez, Lucas , 2018
Estruturas discoides na Formação Cerro Negro (Grupo La Providencia), Argentina e suas implicações para a paleontologia de macrorganismos pré-cambrianos
2018-04-12 Master thesis; Universidade Estadual Paulista: Instituto de Geociências e Ciências,  ExatasCampus de Rio Claro.  Language Portuguese; English Abstract
Alternative title: Discoidal structures in the Cerro Negro Formation (La Providencia Group), Argentina and their implications for the paleontology of pre-cambrian macroorganisms
https://repositorio.unesp.br/handle/11449/154176
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154176>.

Inglez, L.,  L.V.Warren, J.Okubo,  M.G.Simões,  F.Quaglio, M.J.Arrouy, R.G.Nettoe, 2019
Discs and discord: The paleontological record of Ediacaran discoidal structures in the south American continent. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Volume 89, January 2019, Pages 319-336    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2018.11.023

Kenchington, Charlotte G. and Wilby , Philip R., 2014
Of time and taphonomy: preservation in the Ediacaran, a Chapter In:  Reading  and  Writing  of  the  Fossil  Record:  Preservational  Pathways  to  Exceptional  Fossilization.  The Paleontological Society Papers, Volume 20, Marc Laflamme, James D. Schiffbauer, and Simon A. F. Darroch (eds.).  The Paleontological Society Short Course, October 18, 2014.
Of_time_and_taphonomy_preservation_in_the_Ediacara.pdf
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/51378517.pdf

Kirkland, Christopher L.,  MacGabhann, Breandán A.,  Kirkland, Brian L. & JS Daly, 2010
Cryptic Disc Structures Resembling Ediacaran Discoidal Fossils from the Lower Silurian Hellefjord Schist, Arctic Norway. PloS one 11 (10), e0164071       
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5082646/

Letsch, Dominik,  Large, Simon J.E. ,. Bernasconi , Stefano M., Christian Klug, Thomas M. Blattmann , Wilfried Winkler , Albrecht von Quadt, 2019
Northwest Africa’s Ediacaran to early Cambrian fossil record, its oldest metazoans and age constraints for the basal Taroudant Group (Morocco). Precambrian Research 320, 2019, 438-453
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0301926818302870/1-s2.0-S0301926818302870-main.pdf?_tid=e0845946-652f-4940-8c62-4d52829742bf&acdnat=1551464032_a6323cfd50aa1cc1a87e962c7077eb46

Lieberman B.S., Kurkewicz R., Shinogle H., Kimmig J., MacGabhann B.A., 2017
Disc-shaped fossils resembling porpitids or eldonids from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4) of U.SA.      10.7717/peerj.3312
 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3312
https://peerj.com/preprints/2706/


Liu, Alex G. and Conliffe,  James, 2015
The Ediacaran fossils of the Avalon Peninsula.  Geological Association of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador Section, 2015 Fall Field Trip. Open File NFLD/3320.
OF_NFLD_3320_FT-2015.pdf  

Liu, Alexander G.,  Kenchington, Charlotte and Mitchell,Emily,  2015
Remarkable insights into the paleoecology of the Avalonian Ediacaran macrobiota
Gondwana Research 27(4):1355-1380 ? June 2015
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269728883_Remarkable_insights_into_the_paleoecology_of_the_Avalonian_Ediacaran_macrobiota


MacGabhann BA. 2007.
Discoidal fossils of the Ediacaran biota: a review of current understanding. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 286:297 313
DOI 10.1144/SP286.21.   

MacGabhann BA. 2012.
A solution to Darwin's dilemma: differential taphonomy of Ediacaran and Palaeozoic non-mineralised discoidal fossils. PhD Thesis, National University of Ireland, Galway, 1 338.
 https:// aran.library.nuigalway.ie/bitstream/ handle/ 10379/ 3406/ 2012MacGabhannPhDvol1.pdf?sequence=9.

MacGabhann BA., 2014.
There is no such thing as the `Ediacara Biota'. Geoscience
Frontiers 5:53 62    DOI 10.1016/j.gsf.2013.08.001.
   
MacGabhann BA, and Murray J., 2010.
Non-mineralised discoidal fossils from the Ordovician Bardahessiagh Formation, Co Tyrone, Ireland. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 28:1 12.
 https://www.jstor.org/stable/25780702
https://www.academia.edu/1773701/Non-mineralised_discoidal_fossils_from_the_Ordovician_Bardahessiagh_Formation_Co._Tyrone_Ireland

MacGabhann,Breandán Anraoi,  James D. Schiffbauer, James W. Hagadorn, Peter Van Roy, Edward P. Lynch, Liam Morrison, John Murray, 2019
Resolution of the earliest metazoan record: Differential taphonomy of Ediacaran and Paleozoic fossil molds and casts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 513, 2019, pp. 146-165
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0031018217303371/1-s2.0-S0031018217303371-main.pdf?_tid=188b2391-f424-4fd6-a0ff-3c4baea53e34&acdnat=1551463486_3657c16ea381b96cdeb661109e858272

Meerta, J.G., Gibsherb, A.S., Levashovac, N.M., Gricea, W.C., Kamenova, G.D., Ryabininb, A.B., 2011
Glaciation and ~ 770 Ma Ediacara (?) Fossils from the Lesser Karatau Microcontinent, Kazakhstan. Gondwana Research, Volume 19, Issue 4, June 2011, Pages 867-880
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.008

Narbonne, Guy. M. & Hofmann, Hans J.,  1987
Ediacaran biota of the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada. Palaeontology, Vol. 30 (4):
647-676. Plates 73-75  http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49682397   

Narbonne G. M., Laflamme M., Trusler P. W., Dalrymple R. W. & Greentree C. , 2014. — Deep-water Ediacaran fossils from Northwestern Canada: taphonomy, ecology, and evolution. Journal of Paleontology 88 (2): 207-223  . https://doi.org/10.1666/13-053
   
Pyle L. J., Narbonne G. M., James N. P., Dalrymple R. W. & Kaufman A. J. 2004.
Integrated Ediacaran chronostratigraphy, Wernecke Mountains, northwestern Canada. Precambrian Research 132: 1-27.   Plates
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.01.004

Saint Martin J.-P. & Saint Martin S., 2018.
Beltanelliformis brunsae Menner in Keller, Menner, Stepanov & Chumakov, 1974: an Ediacaran fossil from Neoproterozoic of Dobrogea (Romania). Geodiversitas 40 (23): 537-548.
https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a23
http://geodiversitas.com/40/23
sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2018v40a23.pdf

Tarhan L. G., Droser M., Gehling J. G.,  2015.
Depositional and preservational environments of the Ediacara Member, Rawnsley Quartzite (South Australia): Assessment of paleoenvironmental proxies and the timing of ‘ferruginization’ Paleography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 434, 4-13
https://nai.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2015/07/tarhanetal2015_pcubed_ediacaranissue.pdf
   
Walcott CD. , 1898
Fossil medusa. United States Geological Survey, Monographs 30:1 201.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2127#/summary
https://pubs.usgs.gov/mono/0030/report.pdf

Walcott CD. , 1914
Middle Cambrian Holothurians and medusa. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57:41- 68.
https://archive.org/stream/smithsonianmisce571914smit#page/n166/mode/1up

Walcott, Charles D., 1916
 Precambrian Algonkian Algal Flora, in Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 64(2) : 77-156
    http://hdl.handle.net/10088/23529
https://archive.org/stream/cambriangeology02walcgoog#page/n107/mode/2up

Young, Graham A.  And James W.Hagadorn , 2010
The fossil record of cnidarian medusae
Palaeoworld, Volume 19, Issues 3–4, December 2010, Pages 212-221
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2010.09.014

The Geological Papers and Maps of Dr. Morley E. Wilson (1881- 1965) of most interest to those in Lanark County

I’ve mentioned Dr. Morley Wilson’s papers and maps a number of times in previous blog postings, without providing any details of his life.   This posting will provide a few details of his life, a listing of a number of his papers on economic geology, a selection of his geological papers and maps that would be of most interest to those in Lanark County, as well as a listing of all of his geological papers and maps.

Morley Evans Wilson was born in 1881 in Bright, Ontario, obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto in 1907 and his doctorate from Yale University in 1912.    He spent his career as a geologist with the Geological Survey of Canada.

Dr. Morley Evans Wilson had strong interests in, and wrote extensively on, economic geology and Precambrian geology, especially mines and mineral deposits in the Canadian Shield.    His doctoral thesis was entitled ‘Preliminary memoir on the Abitibi district, Pontiac County, Quebec’, which was published in part as Kewagama Lake Map-Area, Quebec, Memoir 39, Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Ottawa, 1913 and in part as a paper entitled ‘The Cobalt Series; Its Character and Origin’ that was published in the The Journal of Geology, Vol. 21 (1913)..   This district was chosen for study because “ little detailed information was available with regard to either the character of the country, its geology, or its economic possibilities. It was further apparent that, owing to its proximity to regions in Ontario where gold had been recently discovered and the easy access afforded by the National Transcontinental railway, the district would soon be actively prospected.”   Chapter V of the Memoir is devoted to Economic Geology.
   
 His papers on economic geology include:
- Geology and economic resources of the Larder Lake district, Ont.. And adjoining portions of Pontiac Co., Que. GSC Memoir 17, 62 pages,  1912
- Magnesite deposits of Grenville district, Argenteull Co., Quebec.  G SC Memoir  98 , 1917
- The mineral deposits of the Buckingham map area Quebec. Can M Inst, Tr, 1917
- The magnesite deposits of the Grenville district, Que. Am Ceramic Soc,  1917
- Molybdenite deposits of Quyon district, Que. Can Mining Journal, 1918
- Graphite in Port Elmsley District, Lanark County, Ontario; GSC Summary Report 1917
- Mineral deposits in the Ottawa Valley: GSC  Summ. Rept., 1919
- The fluorspar deposits of Madoc district, Ontario: GSC Summ. Rept., 1920
- Talc in Canada: Canadian Mining Journal,  1922
- The fluorspar deposits of the Madoc district, Ontario; Science, 1922
- A discovery of copper-bearing minerals in Petite Nation seigniory, Papineau County, Quebec: GSC  Summ. Rept. for 1923;  1924.
-  Ontario's lead mine [Kingdon lead mine, Galetta, Ontario]: Canadian Min. Journal,  1924.
- Talc deposits of Canada: GSC, Economic Geology series, no. 2, 149 pages  1926
-  Mineral deposits in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick: GSC  Summ. Rept., 1926, 
 - Fluorspar deposits of Canada: GSC Economic Geology  series  6, 97 pages,  1929.
- Amulet mine. Noranda district. Quebec: GSC  Summ. Rept for 1933;  1934.
-  Magnesite in Canada: Canadian Min. Jour.,  1934.
- Amber mica in Canada: Canadian Min. Jour.,   1937.
- Noranda district, Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 229,  169 pages, 1941.
- The Noranda and other sulphide replacement deposits of western Quebec, in Newhouse, W. H., ed., Ore deposits as related to structural features,   1942.
- McWatters mine [Quebec], in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Geol. Div., Structural geology of Canadian ore deposits, 1948.
- Structure and ore deposits of the Kirkland Lake, Noranda, Val d'Or belt, Ontario and Quebec: Economic Geology,  1947.
- Structural geology in the search for ore deposits in the Canadian Precambrian Shield: Mines Magazine,1952.
-  (and Buchanan, R. M.). Feldspar, in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Indus. Minerals Div., The geology of Canadian industrial mineral deposits, 1957.
-  The phlogopite-apatite deposits of eastern Ontario and the southern Laurentian Highlands, Quebec, in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Indus. Minerals Div., The geology of Canadian industrial mineral deposits,  1957.
- The Deloro stock and its mineralized aureole: Economic Geology, v. 60,   1965.
                       
Dr. Morley Wilson  was awarded the Penrose Medal in 1950 by the Geological Society of America for stratigraphic work that he initiated on the Precambrian, demonstrating that one could use stratigraphic methods to work out structures and sequence in the Precambrian.   The Penrose Medal is  the top prize awarded by the Geological Society of America, and  is awarded only at the discretion of the GSA council, "in recognition of eminent research in pure geology, for outstanding original contributions or achievements that mark a major advance in the science of geology."  Interestingly, no award was given in 1929, 1937 or 1943. (Other Canadian recipients of the Penrose Medal were Raymond A. Price in 2012,  Paul F. Hoffman in 2011, J. Tuzo Wilson in 1968,  N. L. Bowen in 1941, A. P. Coleman in 1936, and Reginald Aldworth Daly in 1935.)

A few other details on his life are available on the internet.  He was a  Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1926).   He was on the Board of Examiners from 1929 to 1931 for Frontier College.  He was an active member of the Ottawa Field Naturalists Club, serving as a member of council in 1929, as vice-president from 1930-1933 and president in 1934 and 1935.   After he retired from the Geological Survey he was a  Sessional Lecturer in Geology at Carleton University from 1947-1953.  He loved to curl.   After Dr. Morley Wilson died his estate endowed geologic scholarships in his name at Carleton University in Ottawa and Queen’s University at Kingston.
   
Dr. James M. Harrison, a former director of the Geological Survey of Canada, in an unpublished  paper entitled ‘Tales of the GSC,’ provides a number of  anecdotes on Morley Wilson.   Dr. Harrison mentions that “Morley Wilson was a small, spare, sparrow-like man whose religion, vocation, and hobby was geology.”  By way of example, he mentions that for September 3 and 10, 1939 Dr. Morley Wilson and Dr. Ambrose had planned meetings and field trips with Ontario and Quebec geologists to look at points of stratigraphic interest near Noranda, Quebec.  It happened that September 3rd  was the day Britain declared war on Germany while September 10th was the day that Canada declared war.   While Morley Wilson wanted to talk geology, no one was listening.  Dr. Harrison comments on the September 3rd field trip: “Dr. Wilson who rarely ever took a drink of any sort, got so desperate that he grabbed a bottle of beer around the neck so that it hung down below his hand, and then walked around through the crowd trying to stir up talk on geology without any success whatsoever.  I’m sure he felt that the whole day was entirely wasted talking about inconsequential things. ”

Dr. Harrison  dictated on tape his reminiscences of various field officers of the Survey, which have transcribed and are available on the Government of Canada’s online GEOSCAN database of papers and maps:

    Harrison, James M., dictated on tape 1988, transcribed, edited 1992
    Tales of the GSC
    https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/text/geoscan/fulltext/GSCHIS_B001docs.pdf
           
Dr. Harrison provides other anecdotes about Morley Wilson, including mentioning that “Morley was noted for running his party as if it were in civilization....”, that he (Harrison) and Dr. Ambrose were invited “over to dinner one Sunday to Morley Wilson’s field camp which at that time was in some of the buildings of the abandoned McWatter mine near Noranda .   ... I don’t remember if we wore ties, but I think we did. ... When the cook rang the bell for dinner, we trooped [in] ... where Morley sat at the head of the table.  On his right sat Dr. Ambrose, on his left sat the subchief of Dr. Wilson’s party, ... I sat next to Willis Ambrose, as presumably the most senior of the senior associates of the two parties, and so on down the table [to] the most junior assistant... Grace was said, and Morley carved the meat, and we carried on exactly as if we were dining in the main dining room of the Chateau Laurier.”
       
A paper that I have not been able to read, as it is not available online, and which I expect provides details of Dr. Morley Wilson’s career, is Dr. Alcock’s obituary notice for Dr. Morley Wilson:

Alcock, Frederick J., 1966
Morley Evans Wilson. 1881-1965: Royal Soc. Canada Minutes Proc. 1966, 4th ser., v. 4, p. 123-124. portrait, 1966.

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At the end of this blog posting I’ve provided what should be a fairly complete list of Dr. Morley Evans Wilson’s geologic papers and maps.  Most were found in various editions of the Bibliography of North American Geology. I supplemented those papers and maps with those on the Government of Canada’s online GEOSCAN database, and with others found by searching on the internet.   From that list I’ve selected the papers and maps  that I believe to be of most interest to those in Lanark County.  These are my selections.   

Geology Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario
Wilson, M E; Dugas, J; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 1089A, 1961, 1 sheet;   https://doi.org/10.4095/107951

Graphite in Port Elmsley District, Lanark County, Ontario
Wilson, M E; in, Summary Report 1917 Part E; Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report (1917), E, 1918 p. 29-42, https://doi.org/10.4095/103718
   
"Samson's shoulder stone," an erratic near Perth, Lanark County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 177-178,1 fig., November 1932. 
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89295#page/215/mode/1up

Ripple marks near Perth, Lanark County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 25-27, 3 figs., February 1931.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89041#page/41/mode/1up

Arnprior-Quyon and Maniwaki areas, Ontario and Quebec
Wilson, M E; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 136, 1924, 163 pages (4 sheets), https://doi.org/10.4095/100837

Westport, Leeds, Frontenac and Lanark Counties, Ontario
Wynne-Edwards, H R; Wilson, M E; Brownell, G M; Geological Survey of Canada, Preliminary Map 28-1959, 1959, 1 sheet,   https://doi.org/10.4095/108514
       
 Mineral deposits in the Ottawa Valley: Canada, Geol. Survey, Summ. Rept., 1919, pt. E., pp. 19-44, 10 figs., 3 maps, 1920.    https://doi.org/10.4095/103631
                       
Unfortunately, the following papers are not available online.

Ripple marks in the lower Paleozoic of Ottawa Valley: Canadian Min.-Jour., vol. 52, no. 14, pp. 347-348, 2 figs., April 3, 1931.

Amber mica in Canada: Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 253-254, 1 fig., May 1937.

The phlogopite-apatite deposits of eastern Ontario and the southern Laurentian Highlands, Quebec, in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Indus. Minerals Div., The geology of Canadian industrial mineral deposits, p. 175-181, illus. incl. geol. sketch maps, 1957.

Christopher Brett
Ottawa, Ontario       

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Dr. Morley Evans Wilson’s Papers and Geological Maps (some co-authored)

Wilson, M E; 1907
Geological map of a Group of Townships Adjoining Lake Timiskaming, County of Pontiac, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1007, 1907, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107857

Barlow, A E; Leroy, O E; Young, G A; Wilson, M E; King, C F; Miller, W G; Knight, C W; 1908:  Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, Nipissing District Ont. and Pontiac County Que. (Lake Timiskaming sheet)   Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map no. 599, (ed. 2) 1908, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107608

Barlow, A E; Leroy, O E; Young, G A; Wilson, M E; Miller, W G; Knight, C W; Richard, L N; 1910: Lake Timiskaming mining region, Ontario and Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 18A, 1910, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095
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Bibliography of North American Geology, 1785-1918 vol 1 Bibliography
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4536519
   
Wilson, Morley Evans.
08  An area from Lake Timiskaming east-ward [Quebec]. Can G S, Sum Rp 1907: 59-63 (1908)
09  Lake Opasatika and the Height of Land. Can G S, Sum Rp 1908: 121-123 (1909)
10  Larder Lake and eastward, Ontario. Can G S, Sum Rp 1909 :173-179 (1910)
10a  Geology of an area adjoining the east side of Lake Timiskaming, Quebec. Can G S:46 pp (1910)
11  Northwestern Quebec adjacent to the Interprovincial boundary and the National Transcontinental Railway. Can G S, Sum Rp 1910:203-207 (1911)
12  Geology and economic resources of the Larder Lake district, Ont.. And adjoining portions of Pontiac Co., Que. Can G S, Memoir 17:62 pp, maps (1912)
12a  Kewagama Lake map area, Pontiacand Abitibi, Que. Can G S, Sum Rp 1911: 273-279 (1912)
13  The Cobalt series; its character and origin. The Journal of Geology,  Vol. 21, No. 2 (Feb. - Mar., 1913), pp. 121-141 (21 pages)
13a  The significance of recent developments in the pre-Cambrian stratigraphy of the Lake Superior-Lake Huron region. J G 21: 385-398 (1913)
13b  The banded gneisses of the Laurentian highlands of Canada. Am J Sc (4) 36: 109-122 (1913)
13c  Kewagama Lake map area, Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir no. 39, 1913, 134 pages (1 sheet), https://doi.org/10.4095/100514
14  A geological reconnaissance from Lake Kipawa via Grand Lake Victoria to Kanikawinika Island, Bell River, Que. Can Q S, Sum Rp 1912:315-336, map (1914)
14a Southeastern portion of Buckingham map area, Que. Can G S, Sum Rp 1913:190-207 (1914)
15  Northern portion of Buckingham map area, Que. Can G S, Sum Rp 1914:94 (1915)
16  Southwestern portion of the Buckingham map area, Que. Can G S. Sum Rp 1915 : 156-162 (1916)   
17  Magnesite deposits of Grenville district, Argenteull Co., Que. Can G S, Mem 98:88 pp, maps, (1917)
17a  Grenville district, Argenteull Co.; Part of Amherst township, Labelle Co., Que. Can G S, Sum Rp 1916:208-219, maps (1917)
17b  The mineral deposits of the Buckingham map area. Que. Can M Inst, Tr 19:349-370 [1917]
17c  The magnesite deposits of the Grenville district, Que. Am Ceramic Soc, Tr. 19 : 254-259 (1917)
18  Timiskaming Co., Que. Can G S, Mem 103 : 197 pp, map (1918)
18a  The subprovincial limitations of pre-Cambrian nomenclature In the St. Lawrence basin. Journal of Geology, v. 26, p 325-333  (1918) . Abst, with discussion by A. P. Coleman and W. J Miller. G Soc Am, B 29:90-92 (1918)
18b  Molybdenite deposits of Quyon district, Que. Can Min Journal 39 : 78-80 (1918)

13d   Collins, William Henry  and Wilson, M. E., Winnipeg to Cochrane via National Transcontinental Railway. Int G Cong, XII, Canada, Guide Book no 9 : 149-153 (1913)   
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123375#page/203/mode/1up
++++++++++++++

Wilson, M. E., 1917
The Arnprior-Quyon District, Ontario and Quebec, Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report, 1917, part E, pages 42-43

Wilson, M. E., 1917
 Diagram Showing Pits in Kaolin Deposits in Lots 5 and 6, Range VI South, Amherst Township, Labelle County, Quebec; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1676, 1917, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/108152

Wilson, M. E., 1917
Diagram Showing Magnesite Deposits, Lot 15, Range XI, Grenville Township, Argenteuil County, Quebec; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1675, 1917, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/108153

Wilson, M. E., 1917
Diagram Showing Magnesite Deposits, Lots 15, Ranges IX and X, Grenville Township, Argenteuil County, Quebec ; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1674, 1917, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/108154

Wilson, M. E., 1917
Diagram Showing Magnesite Outcrops in Grenville Township, Argenteuil County, Quebec; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1679, 1917, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/108197
   
Wilson, M. E., 1918
 Graphite in Port Elmsley District, Lanark County, Ontario;  in, Summary Report 1917 Part E; Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report (1917), E, 1918 p. 29-42, https://doi.org/10.4095/103718

Wilson, M E, 1919;            
 Pyrite Deposits (Outcrops), lots 1 and 2, concession 1, Blithfield Township, Renfrew County, Ontario, Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1798, 1919, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107600

Wilson, M E, 1919;
Graphite deposit, lots 17 and 18, concession III, Brougham township, Renfrew county, Ontario
Wilson, M E; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1799, 1919, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107601

Wilson, M E, 1919;
Molybdenite deposits, lots 8 and 9, concession XI, Brougham township, Renfrew county, Ontario
Wilson, M E; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1800, 1919, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107602

Wilson, M E, 1919
 Molybdenite Deposits Exposed On Lots 9 and 10, Range VII, Onslow Township, Pontiac County, Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1757, 1919, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107695

Wilson, M E, 1919;
Iron Ore Deposits Exposed On Lots 21 and 22, Range II, Bristol Township, Pontiac County, Quebec; Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1759, 1919, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107697

Wilson, M E; 1924
 Galena - Calcite Veins On Lot 22, Concession VI, Fitzroy Township, Carleton County, Ontario
Geological Survey of Canada, Multicoloured Geological Map 1758, 1924, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107362

++++++++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1919-1928
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4536521
Wilson, Morley Evans.
1. Geology and mineral deposits of a part of Amherst township. Quebec: Canada, Geol. Survey, Mem. 113, 54 pp., 7 pls., 3 figs., map. 1919
2. Wilson, Morley Evans. and MacKay, B. R. Landslide adjacent to Riviere Blanche, St Thurit
Parish of St. Casimir, Portneuf County, Province of Quebec, Quebec (Province), Rept. on Mining Operations, 1918, pp. 152-156. 2 pls.. 1919.
3. Mineral deposits in the Ottawa Valley: Canada, Geol. Survey, Summ. Rept., 1919, pt. E., pp. 19-44, 10 figs., 3 maps, 1920.  https://doi.org/10.4095/103631
4. Molybdenite in the lower Ottawa Valley: Canadian Inst. Min. and Met., Monthly Bull., no. 102, pp. 749-764, 3 figs., October, 1920; Canadian Min. Inst., Trans., vol. 23, pp. 419-425, 3 figs. [1921].
5. Madoc district, Ontario: Canada, Geol. Survey, Summ. Rept., 1920, pt. D, pp. 39-40, 1921.
6. The fluorspar deposits of Madoc district, Ontario: Canada, Geol. Survey, Summ. Rept., 1920, pt. D, pp. 41-78, 9 figs., 1921. Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 42, no. 45, pp. 887-892, November 11, 1921.
7. The relationships of the Paleozoic to the pre-Cambrian along the southern border of the Laurentian highlands in southeastern Ontario and the adjacent portions of Quebec: Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans., 3d ser., vol. 14, sec. 4, pp. 15-24, 1 fig., 1921.
8. Talc in Canada: Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 43, no. 23, p. 358, June 9, 1922
9. The fluorspar deposits of the Madoc district, Ontario (abstract): Science, new ser., vol. 56, p. 176, August 11, 1922.
10. Arnprior-Quyon and Maniwaki areas, Ontario and Quebec: Canada, Geol. Survey, Mem. 136, 152 pp., 17 pls., 4 maps, 1924.  doi:10.4095/100837
11. A discovery of copper-bearing minerals in Petite Nation seigniory, Papineau County, Quebec: Canada, Geol. Survey, Summ. Rept. 1923, pt. C1, pp. 74-75, 1924.
12. Ontario's lead mine [Kingdon lead mine, Galetta, Ontario]: Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 45, nos. 20 and 21, pp. 477-478, 501-502, May 16 and 23, 1924.
13. Grenville pre-Cambrian subprovince (abstract): Pan-Am. Geologist, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 79-80, August, 1924.
14. A discovery of copper-bearing minerals in Petite Nation Seigniory, Papineau County, Quebec: Quebec, Dept. Colonization . . ., Report on Mining Operations . . . 1924, pp. 39-42. 1925.
15. The Grenville pre-Cambrian subprovince: Jour. Geology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 389-407, 3 figs., May-June, 1925; https://www.jstor.org/stable/30060374; abstract, British Assoc. Adv  Sci., Rept. 92d Meeting, pp. 388-389, 1925.
16. Talc deposits of Canada: Canada, Geol. Survey, Econ. Geology ser., no. 2, 149 pp., 19 figs., 14 pls., 1926.  https://doi.org/10.4095/102438
17. Mineral deposits in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick: Canada, Geol. Survey, Summ. Rept., 1926, pt. C, pp. 77-99, 8 figs., 1927. https://doi.org/10.4095/102106
18. Some problems of classification in the Canadian pre-Cumbrian shield:     Geol. Mag., vol. 64, pp. 1-7. January, 1927.
19. Hastings series (abstract) : Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 38, no. 1, p. 118, March 30, 1927; Pan-Am. Geologist, vol. 47, no. 1, p. 69, February, 1927.
++++++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1929-1939:
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4536522
Wilson, Morley Evans. See also Canada G. S., 1; Miller, A. H, 1 ; Ruedemann and Balk, ed, 52.

Canada, Geological  Survey
- Amulet area, Duprat, Dufresnoy, Rouyn, and Beauchastel townships, Abitibi and Temlscamlngue Counties, Quebec. Oeology by Morely Evans Wilson, 1935. Map 454A. Scale 119,600, or 1 Inch to 800 feet. 1939.
- Dufault area, Dufresnoy and Rouyn townships. Abitibi and Timiscamingue Counties, Quebec.
Geology by Morley Evans Wilson, 1934. Map 457A. Scale, 1:9,600, or 1 inch to 800 feet. 1939.
Duparquet sheet, Abitibi and Timiscamingue Counties, Quebec. Map 281A. Scale 1:63,360, or 1 Inch to 1 mile. Pub. 2295, 1933.
- Newbec area, Dufresnoy township, Abitibi County, Quebec. Geology by Morley Evans Wilson.
1932,1933. Map 456A. Scale 1 :9,600, or 1 inch to 800 feet. 1939.
- Waite area, Duprat and Dufresnoy Townships, Abitibi County, Quebec. Geology by Morley Evans Wilson, 1932, 1933. Map 455A. Scale 1.-9,600, or 1 inch to 800 feet. 1939.

- Miller, Andrew Howard,  French, C. A., and Wilson, Morley Evans. Geophysical surveys of the
Hull-Gloucester and Hazeldean faults: Canada, Geol. Survey Mem. 165, pp. 190-225, 1931.

52. Ruedemann, Rudolf and Balk, Robert, editors. Geology of North America, vol. 1, Introductory chapters and geology of the stable areas, ix, 643 pp., illus. incl index and geol. maps, Geologie der Erde, ed. by Erich Krenkel. Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1939.               
Wilson, Morley Evans
1. Fluorspar deposits of Canada: Canada Geol. Survey Econ. Geology  ser. 6, 97 pp., 14 figs., 4 pls., 1929.   https://doi.org/10.4095/102441
2. Geology of the Ottawa district [Ontario]: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 165, pp. 192-196. 2 figs., 1931.
3. Life in the pre-Cambrian of the Canadian shield: Royal Soc. Canada Trans. 3d ser.,.vol. 25, sec. 4, pp. 119-126, 1 pl., 1931.
4. Ripple marks near Perth, Lanark County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 25-27, 3 figs., February 1931. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89041#page/41/mode/1up
5. Ripple marks in the lower Paleozoic of Ottawa Valley: Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 52, no. 14, pp. 347-348, 2 figs., April 3, 1931.
6. Esker at Tweed, Hastings County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 45, no. 5. pp. 114-115, 2 figs., May 1931.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89041#page/142/mode/1up
7. Talcum at Madoc, Hastings County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist,  vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 79-80, 1 fig., April 1932.   
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89295#page/101/mode/1up
8. "Roches moutonnees" near Kaladar, Lennox and Addington County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 141, 1 fig., September 1932.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89295#page/171/mode/1up
9. "Samson's shoulder stone," an erratic near Perth, Lanark County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 177-178,1 fig., November 1932.       
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89295#page/215/mode/1up
10. The "blue limestone" of Hastings County, Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 33-34, 2 figs., February 1933.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89103#page/47/mode/1up
11. The Claire River syncline: Royal Soc. Canada Trans. 3d ser., vol. 27, p. cxli [abstract] ; sec. 4, pp. 7-11. 1 fig., 1 pl., May 1933.
12. An ancient lava field in the Canadian Shield: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 87-88, 2 figs., May 1933.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89103#page/116/mode/1up
13. The oldest mountains in Canada: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 174-175, 2 figs., December 1933.
    https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89103#page/218/mode/1up
14. Amulet mine. Noranda district. Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Summ. Rept, 1933 Pt. D. Pub. 2351. pp. 83-120, 4 figs., 1 pl., 1934.
15. Magnesite in Canada: Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 239-241, 2 figs., May 1934.
16. The multiple and complementary sills and dikes at Waite-Ackerman-Montgomery mine, Noranda  district, Quebec: Royal Soc. Canada Trans. 3d ser., vol. 28, sec. 4, pp. 65-74, 1 fig., 1 pl. geol. map. May 1934.
17. Rock alteration at the Amulet mine, Noranda district, Quebec: Econ. Geology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 478-492. 2 figs., August 1935.
18. Amber mica in Canada: Canadian Min. Jour., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 253-254, 1 fig., May 1937.
19. The Keewatin lavas of the Noranda district, Quebec: Toronto Univ. Studies geol. ser. 41, pp. 75-82, 1 pl., 1038.
20. The Canadian shield: Geologie der Erde, Erich Krenkel, ed., North America vol. 1, pp. 232-311, 1 plate,  geol. map, 13 figs. incl. geol maps, Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1939.
21. The pre-Cambrian: Royal Soc. Canada Trans, ser. 3, vol. 33, sec. 4, pp. 1-9, May 1939.
22. Structural features of the Keewatin volcanic rocks of western Quebec [abstract]: Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 50, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1943, December 1,1939.
++++++++++++
M.E. Wilson, 1941
Pre-Cambrian, (book chapter), in Geology, 1888-1938, Fiftieth Anniversary Volume, Geological Society of America   Doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/1888Geology.269
++++++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1940-1949: Part 1 Bibliography
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329179
 Wilson, Morley Evans. See also Canada G. S., 1.
Canada, Geological Survey
- Madoc—Hastings, Lennox, and Addington Counties. Ontario. Geology by Morley Evans
Wilson, 1920-1925, map 559A, scale 1:63,360 or 1 inch to 1 mile 1940.  https://doi.org/10.4095/107445
- Marmora—Hastings, Peterborough, and Northumberland Counties, Ontario. Geology by
Morley Evans Wilson, 1920-1925, map 560A, scale 1:63,360 or 1 inch to 1 mile, 1940.   
https://doi.org/10.4095/107457

Wilson, Morley Evans  
1. Noranda district, Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 229, Pub. 2461, vii, 169 p., illus. incl. geol. maps, 1941.
2. Pre-Cambrian: Geol. Soc. Am. 50th Anniversary Volume, p. 269-305, illus. geol. maps, 1941.
3. The Noranda and other sulphide replacement deposits of western Quebec, in Newhouse, W. H., ed., Ore deposits as related to structural features, p. 224-226. illus., 1942.
4. Structural features of the Keewatin volcanic rocks of western Quebec: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 53, no. 1, p. 53-69, illus. incl. geol. map, Jan. 1, 1942.   doi:10.1130/GSAB-53-53
5. Preliminary maps Rouyn-Beauchastel, Temiscamingue County, Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 43-7, scale 1 in. to 1000 ft., geol. maps, 1943; 2d ed., 1946.
6. The early pre-Cambrian succession in western Quebec: Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., v. 37, sec. 4, p. 119-138, illus. incl. geol. map, May 1943; abs., Proc, 3d ser., v. 37, p. 121, 1943.
7. The regional structural relations of the ore deposits of the Noranda district, western Quebec: N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans., ser. 2, v. 8, no. 2, p. 43-44, Dec. 1945.
8. Structural features of the Noranda-Rouyn area [Ontario-Quebec], in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Geol. Div., Structural geology of Canadian ore deposits, p. 672-683, illus. incl. geol. maps, 1948.
9. (and Lee, A. C). Senator-Rouyn mine [Quebec], in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Geol. Div., Structural geology of Canadian ore deposits, p. 735-739, illus.. 1948.
10. (and MacQuarrie, William Richard). Stadacona mine [Quebec], in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Geol. Div., Structural geology of Canadian ore deposits, p. 776-782, illus., 1948.
11. McWatters mine [Quebec], in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Geol. Div., Structural geology of Canadian ore deposits, p. 783-789, illus., 1948.
12. (and Hopper, R. V., and Trenholme, Laurence S.). Rouyn .Merger mine [Quebec], in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Geol. Div.,Structural geology of Canadian ore deposits, p. 789-796, illus., 1948.
13. Arsenic in well water in the Madoc district, Ontario [abs.]: Royal Soc. Canada Proc, 3d ser., v. 35, p. 186, 1941.
14. Structure and ore deposits of the Kirkland Lake, Noranda, Val d'Or belt, Ontario and Quebec [abs.]: Econ. Geology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 412- 413, 428-429, June-July 1947.
+++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1950-1959: Part 1 Bibliography, vol 1 A-L
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329181
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1950-1959: Part 1 Bibliography, vol 2 M-Z   
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329182
   
Wilson, Morley Evans. See also Ambrose, J. W., 2; Canada G. S., 130.
2. Ambrose, J. W. and Burns, Cecil Albert. Structures in the Clare River syncline [Ontario]—a demonstration of granitization, in Thomson, J. E., ed., The Grenville problem: Royal Soc. Canada Special Pub., no. 1, p. 42-53, illus. incl. geol. map, with discussion by M. E. Wilson, 1956.           

Canada, Geological Survey
130  Geology, Westport—Leeds, Frontenac and Lanark counties, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Prelim. Ser. Map 28-1959, scale 1: 63,360 (1 in. to 1 mi), with descriptive notes, geology by M. E. Wilson, G. M. Brownell, and H. R. Wynne-Edwards, 1959.

Wilson, Morley Evans
1. Structural geology in the search for ore deposits in the Canadian Precambrian Shield: Mines Mag., v. 42, no. 3, p. 42-44, 92, illus., Mar. 1952.
2. Early Precambrian rocks of the Timiskaming region, Quebec and Ontario, Canada: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 67, no. 10, p. 1397-1430, illus. incl. geol. maps, Oct. 1956; discussion by W. G. Johnston and reply by author, v. 70, no. 7, p. 935-940, July 1959.
3. (and Buchanan, R. M.). Feldspar, in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Indus. Minerals Div., The geology of Canadian industrial mineral deposits, p. 85-89, illus., 1957.
4. The phlogopite-apatite deposits of eastern Ontario and the southern Laurentian Highlands, Quebec, in Canadian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Indus. Minerals Div., The geology of Canadian industrial mineral deposits, p. 175-181, illus. incl. geol. sketch maps, 1957.
5. Precambrian classification and correlation in the Canadian Shield: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 69, no. 6, p. 757-773, illns., June 1958.
6. The pre-Timiskaming unconformity in the Rouyn-Beauchastel area, western Quebec [abs.]: Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 3d ser., v. 47, sec. 4, p. 152, 1953.
7. Early Precambrian rocks of western Quebec [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 64, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1492-1493, Dec. 1953.
8. The relationship of the Timiskaming and Grenville series [Ontario] [abs.]: Royal Soc. Canada Minutes Proc. 1955, p. 44-45, 1955.
++++++++
 Wilson, M. E., 1959
Have the sediments of the Cobalt series near the south end of Lake Timiskaming been deformed into mountains? GSA Bulletin (1959) 70 (7): 939-940.  https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[939:HTSOTC]2.0.CO;2
+++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1960
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?view=plaintext;size=100;id=uc1.b4329185
WILSON, Morley Evans
  Origin of pillow structure in early Precambrian lavas of western Quebec: Jour. Geology, v. 68, no. 1, p. 97-102, illus., Jan. 1960.
  Wyatt Malcolm, 1872-1959: Royal Soc. Canada Minutes Proc., 3d ser., v. 54, p. 137, 139, portrait, 1960.   
+++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1961
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329186
Wilson, Morley Evans; Dugas, Jean. Geology, Perth—— Lanark and Leeds Counties,
Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Map 1089A, scale l:63,360, text, 1961.   
+++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1962
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329187
  Wilson, M. E. Geology, Southeast Rouyn township, Temiscamingue county, Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Map 1108A, scale 1:18,000, 1962; also in Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 3 15, 1962.
  Wilson, M. E. Geology, Southwest Rouyn township, Temiscamingue county, Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Map 1107A, scale 1:18,000, 1962; also in Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 3 15, 1962.
  Wilson, M. E. Geology, Southeast Beauchastel township, Temiscamingue county, Quebec: Canada Geol. Survey Map 1106A, scale 1:18,000, 1962; also in Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 315, 1962.
 Wilson, M. E. Rouyn-Beauchastel map-areas, Quebec [with French abstract): Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 315, 140 p., illus., tables, geol. maps, 1962.        https://doi.org/10.4095/100542
+++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1963
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/004115183
no entry for Wilson, Morley Evans or for Wilson, M.E.
++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1964
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329189
no entry for Wilson, Morley Evans or for Wilson, M.E.
++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1965
 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329190
  Wilson, M. E. The Precambrian of Canada—The Canadian Shield. in The geologic systems-The Precambrian. V. 2: New York. Interscience Publishers, p. 263 415. illus.. tables. 1965.
  Wilson, M. E. The Deloro stock and its mineralized aureole: Econ. Geology, v. 60, no. 1. p. 163-167, illus., table, 1965.
+++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1966
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329191
 no entry for an article by Wilson, Morley Evans or for Wilson, M.E.
cites the following obituary notice:
Alcock, Frederick J., 1966
 Morley Evans Wilson. 1881-1965: Royal Soc. Canada Minutes Proc. 1966, 4th ser., v. 4, p. 123-124. portrait, 1966.
++++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1967
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329192
no entry for Wilson, Morley Evans or for Wilson, M.E.
+++++++++
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1968
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329193
Wilson, M. E.,  Dokembriy Kanady (Kanadskiy Shchit), in Dokembriy Kanady, Grenlandii, Britanskikh Ostrovov, i Shpitsbergena (K. Rankama, editor): Moscow, Izdatel'stvo "MIR" 336-269, illus., tables, 1968; originally published in English, 1965.
++++++++++   
Bibliography of North American Geology, 1969
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4329194
no entry for Wilson, Morley Evans or for Wilson, M.E.

Alice E. Wilson’s Scientific Papers, Maps, Field Trip Guide and Children’s Book on Geology - Part 2

On October 18, 2018   the Minister of Environment and Climate Change and Minister responsible for Parks Canada paid tribute Alice Evelyn Wilson as a trailblazing scientist during a special ceremony at the Canadian Museum of Nature unveiling the following plaque commemorating her as a person of national historic significance.

The Minister’s  background material mentions that Alice Evelyn Wilson was “the first female geologist hired by the Geological Survey of Canada, the first Canadian woman to be admitted to the Geological Society of America, and the first female Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.” Further information to support the designation of the plaque can be found at:   
       
https://www.canada.ca/en/parks-canada/news/2018/10/government-of-canada-recognizes-national-historic-significance-of-geologist-alice-evelyn-wilson.html

https://www.canada.ca/en/parks-canada/news/2018/10/alice-evelyn-wilson-1881-1964.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Wilson

https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1415-e.html

Sarjeant, William A.S. — "Alice Wilson, first woman geologist with the Geological Survey of Canada   https://www.jstor.org/stable/24138603?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.m712pvg107v21804

The background material issued by the Minister's department mentions that Alice E. Wilson “prepared detailed reference maps of some 14,250  square km  of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowlands”.    That point is perhaps better made by the following index map showing the geologic maps issued by the Geological Survey of Canada where the Paleozoic geology was mapped by Alice E. Wilson.

Christopher P. Brett
Ottawa

Alice E. Wilson’s Scientific Papers, Maps, Field Trip Guide and Children’s Book on Geology

Over the course of the next five months the Canadian Museum of Nature, the Victoria Museum located at Metcalfe and McLeod Streets in Ottawa, is hosting a special exhibition entitled “Courage and Passion: Canadian Women in Natural Sciences” celebrating women who broke barriers to pursue their passion for science.   The exhibit started  July 28, 2018 and is on display until March 31, 2019.   One of the women featured in the exhibit is the paleontologist Dr. Alice E. Wilson (1881–1964), who was the first woman to be employed in a professional capacity by the  Geological Survey of Canada.  She worked for the Geological Survey of Canada from 1909 until her forced retirement at age 65 in 1946.  Interesting, she maintained an office at the Survey, and kept publishing articles on paleontology,  until shortly before her death in 1964.

Last Saturday (October 13) I attended the open house at the Canadian Museum of Nature’s research facility on Pink Road in Gatineau, Quebec (across the river from Ottawa).  While there I ran into Michelle Coyne, Curator, Organic Materials Collections, Geological Survey of Canada.  Michelle was manning a display of fossils of the Ottawa area and trailblazing women in the Earth Sciences, featuring biographies of among  others Alice E. Wilson and Ann P. Sabina, both of whom I am very familiar with as I have owned their field trip guides for over fifty years.  Michelle mentioned that tomorrow, Thursday, October 18,  at 7pm, at the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa, they will be dedicating a plaque to Alice E. Wilson.  Admission to the museum is free starting at 5 pm and the event is open to the public.

Below I’ve provided a list of Alice E. Wilson’s scientific papers, the geological maps she authored, her field trip guide and her children’s book on geology.  A very productive career.  Intriguingly, at pages 21-22 of her children’s book that was published in 1947, Alice E. Wilson briefly discusses Wegener’s theory of continental drift!

Christopher Brett
Ottawa

ALICE E. WILSON’S SCIENTIFIC PAPERS - GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

Wilson, A. E.

1913: A New Brachiopod from the Base of the Utica [Oxoplecia Calhouni Wilson]; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mus. Bull. 1, pp. 81-86.     https://doi.org/10.4095/104945

1914: A Preliminary Study of the Variations of the Plications of Parastrophia hemiplicata,
Hall; Geol. Surv., Canada,   Museum Bulletin no. 2, pt. 7,   p. 131-140, https://doi.org/10.4095/104958

1915: A New Ordovician Pelecypod from the Ottawa District; Ottawa Nat. 29, pp. 85-86.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28021#page/91/mode/1up
Plate 2 at  https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28021#page/90/mode/1up

1921:  The Range of Certain Lower Ordovician Faunas of the Ottawa Valley, with Descriptions
of Some New Species; Geol. Surv., Canada, Bull. 33, pp. 19-57.
 https://doi.org/10.4095/104998

1924:  A new genus and a new species of gastropod from the upper Ordovician of British Columbia: Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 150-151, 2 fig., 2 pls., October, 1924.
    https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89061#page/230/mode/1up
   
1926a:  An Upper Ordovician fauna from the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia; in, Contributions to Canadian palaeontology; Geological Survey Museum; Geological Survey of Canada, Museum Bulletin No.  44,  p. 1-34, 100-115,  8 Plates, 2 Figures  (index map and diagram of one species),  https://doi.org/10.4095/105015

1926b: Determinations of fossils and remarks thereon; pages 32-34 in Geology and mineral deposits of Windermere map-area, British Columbia by J.F. Walker, Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 148, 78 pages (1 sheet),   https://doi.org/10.4095/100848

1928:  Fossils from Baffin Island, collected by J. Dewey Soper ; in, A faunal investigation of southern Baffin Island; Soper, J D; National Museum of Canada, Bulletin no. 53, p. 124-129, https://doi.org/10.4095/306004

1930: The geology of the Cornwall District, Ontario. PhD Thesis for University of Chicago, USA
   
1931: Notes on the Baffinland fossils collected by J. Dewey Soper during 1925 and 1929: Roy. Soc. Canada, Transactions, 3d ser., vol. 25, sec. 4, pp. 285–308, 5 pls., 1931.

1932a: Notes on the Pamelia Member of the Black River Formation of the Ottawa Valley;
Amer. Jour. Sci. 24, pp. 135-146.   doi:10.2475/ajs.s5-24.140.135
   
1932b:  Palaeontological Notes; Canadian Field-Naturalist. 46, pp. 133-140.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89295#page/163/mode/1up

1932c:  Ordovician Fossils from the Region of Cornwall; Roy. Soc., Canada, Trans. 3rd
ser., sec. 4, vol. 26, pp. 373-404, 6 pis.
       
1936: , A Synopsis of the Ordovician of Ontario and western Quebec and the related succession in New York: in Contributions to the study of the Ordovician of Ontario and Quebec;  Geol. Survey of Canada Memoir  202, Pub. 2427, pp. 1–20, 1936.

1937: Erosional Intervals Indicated by Contacts in the Vicinity of Ottawa, Ontario;
Roy. Soc., Canada, Proc. and Trans., 3rd ser. 31, sec. 4, pp. 45-60.

1938: Correlation of the Timiskaming outlier, with description of a new cephalopod; Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1–3, 1 pl., January 8, 1938.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89087#page/11/mode/1up
Plate 1 at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89087#page/9/mode/1up

1938: Gastropods from Akpatok Island, Hudson Strait: Royal Soc, Canada Trans. 3d ser., vol. 32, sec. 4, pp. 25–39, 3 plos., May 1938; correction, vol. 33. Sec. 4, p. 131, May 1939; abstract, Proc., p. 143, 1933.

1942:   A buried channel of the St. Lawrence River: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 244, no. 8, p. 557-562, illus., Aug. 1946; abs., Royal Soc. Canada Proc, 3d ser., v. 36, p. 147, 1942.
   
1943: Synopsis of the geology of the Ottawa lowlands [abstract]: Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 49, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1943,

1944:  Rafinesquina and its Homomorphs Opikina and Opikinella from the Ottawa Limestone
of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland; Roy. Soc., Canada, 3rd ser. 38, sec, 4, pp. 145-203. 

1945:  Strophomena and its Homomorphs Trigrammaria and Microtrypa from the Ottawa
Limestone of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland; Roy. Soc., Canada, 3rd ser. 39, sec. 4, pp. 121-150.

1946a: Echinodermata of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland;
Geol. Surv., Canada, Bull. No. 4.  61 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/101580
                                
1946b: Brachiopoda of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa - St. Lawrence Lowland;
 Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 8,   149 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/101577

1946c: Geology of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland, Ontario and Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada  Memoir 241, 65 pages, four sheets   https://doi.org/10.4095/101632

1946d: A buried channel of the St. Lawrence River. American J. of Sc., v 244, 557-563
               
1947:  Trilobita of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa - St Lawrence Lowland
Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 9,   85 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/101578

1948: Miscellaneous classes of fossils, Ottawa Formation, Ottawa - St. Lawrence Valley
 Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 11,  123 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/101512

1948-49:  Life comes to a planet, Pt. 1: Canadian Min. Jour., v. 69, no. 7, p. 57-65, illus., July 1948; Pt. 2, no. 8, p. 80-84, illus. incl. index map, Aug. 1948; no. 9, p. 60-69, illus., Sept. 1948; Pt. 3, no. 11, p. 69-82, illus., Nov. 1948; Pt. 4, v. 70, no. 1, p. 77-88, illus., Jan. 1949; Pt. 5, no. 3, p. 79-88, illus., Mar. 1949. 

1951: Gastropoda and Conularida of the Ottawa formation of the Ottawa-St Lawrence lowland
 Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin no. 17, 1951, 156 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/101520

1951:  Log of Diamond Drill Hole (pages 2-7), and  List of Fossils from Piskoshi Point , James Bay (pages 8-9), in Preliminary report on drilling to determine stratigraphical succession at Piskoshi Point, James Bay: Ontario Department of Mines Preliminary Report. 1951-5, 9 p., 1951.
http://www.geologyontario.mndmf.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/PR1951-05/PR1951-05.pdf                                           

1953:  A report on fossil collections from the James Bay lowland, Appendix A of Martison, N. W., Petroleum possibilities of the James Bay lowland area: Ontario Dept. Mines Ann. Rept . 1952, v. 61, pt. 6, p. 59-81,1953. 
http://www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/ARV61//ARV61.pdf

1955:  Memorial to Alfred W. G. Wilson (1873-1954): Geological  Society of America Proceedings, 1954, p. 143-145, July 1955.

1956: Pelecypoda of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa - St Lawrence Lowland
 Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 28,, 102 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/101527

1957:  Life in the Proterozoic, in Gill, J. E., ed., The Proterozoic in Canada: Royal Soc. Canada Special Pub., no. 2, p. 18-27, illus., 1957. University of Toronto Press,  Pages: 204    
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt1vgw7jv

1961: Cephalopoda of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa - St Lawrence Lowland
 Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 67, 106 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/100585
    
1965;  Geology of Canada, p. 71-80a  in A collection of cartographic notes;   Edwards, B; Geological Survey of Canada, Topical Report 108, 1965, https://doi.org/10.4095/299631

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
   

CO-AUTHORED PAPERS

Burns, C. A.; Wilson, A. E.;
1949:  Geological notes on localities in James Bay, Hudson Bay, and Foxe Basin visited during an exploration cruise, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 52-25, 1952, 16 pages,
[Geological Notes by C. A. Burns including lists of collected fossils identified by Alice E. Wilson]  https://doi.org/10.4095/101340        
   
Cole, L. H.,  Keele, J.  and Wilson, Alice E.
1922: Ordovician Fossils From St. Lawrence Canal System Localities, Ontario and Quebec; Appendix B in Keele, Joseph and Cole, L. Heber, Report on Structural Materials along the St. Lawrence River, between Prescott, Ont., and Lachine, Que., pages 109 -111;,  Canada, Mines Branch, 119 pages, maps, plates   https://archive.org/details/reportonstructur00cana/page/109

Hogg, Nelson, Satterly, Jack, and Wilson, Alice Evelyn,
1953: Drilling by the Ontario Department of Mines, Pt. 1 of Drilling in the James Bay lowland: Ontario Department of Mines Annual Report  1952, v. 61, pt. 6, p. 115-140, illus.
http://www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/ARV61//ARV61.pdf    

Wilson, A E; Caley, J F; Okulitch, V J; Sproule, J C;
1936:  Contributions to the study of the Ordovician of Ontario and Quebec; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 202, 1936, 133 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/100833
   
Wilson, A.E. and Mather, K.F.
1916:  Synopsis of the common fossils of the Kingston area; in Baker, M.B., The Geology of Kingston and vicinity; Appendix II, Ontario Bureau of mines, 1916, v.XXV., part III, p.45-67.
http://www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/ARV25//ARV25.pdf

Wilson, A. E., Stewart, J . S., and Caley, J. F.,
1941:  Sedimentary Basins of Ontario, possible Sources of Oil and Gas; Roy. Soc . Canada,
Proc. and Trans., 3rd ser. 35, sec. 4, pp. 167-185.       

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

GEOLOGICAL  MAPS

Wilson, A. E.
1938:  Ottawa Sheet, (East Half) , Carleton and Hull Counties, Ontario and Quebec, Geological Survey of Canada,  Map 413A, Scale 1 inch to 1 mile, Geology by A. E. Wilson, 1935
https://doi.org/10.4095/107511

1938:  Ottawa Sheet, (West  Half) , Carleton and Hull Counties, Ontario and Quebec, Geological Survey of Canada, Map 414A,  Scale 1 inch to 1 mile, Geology by A. E. Wilson, 1935
https://doi.org/10.4095/107545

1940: Casselman, Russell, Dundas, Stormont, Prescott, Carleton, and Papineau Counties, Ontario and Québec; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 587A, 1940, 1 sheet, 1 inch to 2 miles,  https://doi.org/10.4095/107369
               
1940: Nepean, Carleton, Lanark, Grenville, Dundas, Gatineau and Papineau Counties, Ontario and Québec;  Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 588A, 1940, 1 sheet, 1 inch to 2 miles,  https://doi.org/10.4095/107428

1941: Valleyfield, Québec and Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 660A, 1941, 1 sheet, 1 inch to 2 miles,  https://doi.org/10.4095/107850

1941:  L'Orignal, Ontario and Québec; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 662A, 1 sheet, 1 inch to 2 miles, https://doi.org/10.4095/107972

1941: Maxville, Ontario and Québec; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 661A, 1941, 1 sheet, 1 inch to 2 miles,  https://doi.org/10.4095/107973
           
1942:  Prescott, Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 710A, 1942, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107616

1946: Ottawa-Cornwall , Ontario and Quebec, Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 852A,  Scale 1 inch to 4 Miles, Geology by A. E. Wilson, 1929 and 1935 to 1940   
https://doi.org/10.4095/107544

1954:  Ottawa, Carleton, Gatineau, and Papineau Counties, Ontario and Québec; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 1038A, 1954, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/107547

CO-AUTHORED GEOLOGICAL MAPS

Livingstone, K. W. , Hill, P. A., Wilson, Alice E. and  Kirwan, J. L., 1974,
Geology, Arnprior, Ontario;. Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 1363A, 1 sheet, scale 1:50,000   [Precambrian geology by K. W. Livingstone, P. A. Hill and others 1963, 1964, 1965, compiled by K. W. Livingstone 1965. Paleozoic geology by Alice E. Wilson, compiled by J. L. Kirwan 1963. Revised by P. A. Hill, 1972.]
  https://doi.org/10.4095/109148

Reinhardt, E W; Wilson, A E, 1964
Geology, Carleton Place, Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, Preliminary Map 7-1964, 1964, 1 sheet,
[Precambrian geology by E. W. Reinhardt, 1963. Paleozoic geology by A. E. Wilson, 1946, compiled by B. A. Liberty, 1963]      https://doi.org/10.4095/108709

Reinhardt, E W; Wilson, A E; Liberty, B A, 1973
 Geology, Carleton Place, Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 1362A, 1973, 1 sheet,
[Precambrian geology and compilation by E. W. Reinhardt, 1963, 1969, 1972. Paleozoic geology by A. E. Wilson, 1946.  Paleozoic compilation by B. A. Liberty, 1963, with minor changes and additions by E. W. Reinhardt, 1972.]   htps://doi.org/10.4095/109147       
                
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

FIELD TRIP GUIDE

Alice E. Wilson, 1956
 A Guide to the Geology of the Ottawa District, Volume 70, 1,  The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 73 pages, including five plates, and 1 map sheet
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90128#page/9/mode/1up
   
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
       

CHILDREN’S BOOK ABOUT GEOLOGY

Alice E. Wilson, 1947
The Earth Beneath Our Feet.  Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada Limited, 294 pages
https://archive.org/details/earthbeneathourf033553mbp/page/n3


       

The Pike Lake Pluton - A Layered Syenite Intrusion in Lanark County - Part 2

In my July 17, 2017 blog posting I mentioned that Jean Dugas, in his 1952 doctoral thesis, had described  a syenite intrusion falling between Black Lake and Pike Lake, which he named the Black Lake body, but which is now known The Pike Lake Pluton.  I also mentioned that in the text of his thesis Dugas (1952) had remarked on the good bedding within the syenite body and included a spectacular photo of bedding in the syenite body (his photo number  54 at page 159 of his thesis).   Dugas placed the outcrop shown in  photo number 54 in Lot 24, Concession VI of North Burgess township.   Locating that outcrop is problematic as his Black Lake syenite body (the Pike Lake pluton) does not appear to outcrop in Lot 24 of Concession VI. Specifically, the map included with his thesis, and Wilson and Dugas’ (1961) map 1089A issued by the GSC, which replicates the map in the thesis, do not show the syenite body as outcropping on Lot 24 of Concession VI.

This past summer I visited friends who have a home on Black Lake and took the opportunity to visit a few of the outcrops of the syenite body that are visible on Google Earth. The outcrops are just to the north of Black Lake Road and about 400 meters west of  Pike Lake Route 16, and fall in Lot 23 very close to the southern  boundary of concession VII.   As such the outcrops are very close to Lot 24 of Concession VI.  The following photographs show layering, but are not close to the spectacular laying shown in Jean Dugas’ photograph.

The ruler in the photos is one meter (39 inches) long.

Christopher Brett
Ottawa

References

Dugas, Jean, 1952,
 Geology of the Perth map area, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario; Ph. D., McGill, 189 pages, four  maps.    [ Map 1089A  replicates a map that is part of the  thesis.]
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/QMM/TC-QMM-124004.pdf
http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile124004.pdf

Wilson, Morley E. and  Dugas, Jean,  1961,
Map 1089A, Geology, Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario, Geological Survey of Canada; Geology by Morley E. Wilson, 1930 and Jean Dugas, 1949; Descriptive notes by Jean Dugas.
https://doi.org/10.4095/107951

In 1916 a Slab with Tracks of Climactichnites found in Arabia was donated to the British Museum of Natural History by Captain W. H. I. Shakespear

Captain William Shakespear (1878-1915) ... soldier, diplomat, amateur photographer, botanist, geographer and not least, an adventurer.  He was the second British explorer to cross Arabia from east to west and seemed to have done it in some style.      ( Peter Vincent, 2008)

For some time I’ve been thinking of writing a blog posting on oddities relating to Climactichnites and Protichnites that I’ve uncovered in my research.   One odd reference that my research turned up is a mention of the acquisition of a slab with tracks of Climactichnites from Arabia in the accounts of the British Museum for the Year ending the 31st day of March 1916.   If the slab from Arabia does indeed bear the trace fossil Climactichnites it would be quite interesting, as Climactichnites has thus far been reported only from late Cambrian littoral sandstones of North America, from occurrences in Texas, Wisconsin, Missouri and New York State in the United States and Quebec and Ontario in Canada.

The reference to the donated slab is as follows:

Return British Museum.   1916
British Museum - British Museum (Natural History)
page 132: V.– Acquisitions.
A. – By Donation.
page 137:  Tracks. — A slab with tracks (Climatichnites), four specimens illustrating wind-action, and two fragments of limestone, obtained by the donor on his journey across Northern Arabia from Koweit to Suez (Geographical  Journal., vol. xliv, p. 96 ; 1914). Capt. W. H. T. Shakespear. 
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110734#page/411/mode/1up

[Note that in addition to the misspelling of Climactichnites, the British Museum’s report contains a typographic error in Captain William Henry Irving Shakespear’s initials:  W. H. T. Should be W. H. I.]

Intriguingly, the donor of the slab, Captain Shakespear, was a  British army officer, diplomat, explorer, amateur botanist, and amateur photographer, most famous for being the first European to meet Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia, for his friendship with Ibn Saud, for his photographs taken in Arabia, and for his trek across Arabia mentioned above.  Though not as well known as T. E. Lawrence (more commonly known as Lawrence of Arabia), Captain Shakespear performed similar duties for the British in Arabia as those performed by T. E. Lawrence.    While T. E. Lawrence survived the First World War, Captain Shakespear was killed in action in January, 1915 in a battle between Ibn Saud's army and the army of Ibn Rashid, who was an ally of the Ottoman Turks.

The reference to the donation of the slab in Return British Museum (1916) refers to an article in the Geographical Journal.  Here is the whole of that article, which appeared in the column with the heading ‘The Monthly Record’:

“Captain Shakespear’s Journey across Northern Arabia.– It was announced from Cairo early in June that Captain Shakespear, British Resident at Koweit, on the Persian gulf, had just passed through, after completing a journey across Northern Arabia from Koweit to Suez.  The route followed is only briefly indicated as passing through Riadh, Boreidah and El Jauf (or Jauf al Amir), but it is stated that between the last two places it was one not previously traversed. Riadh and Boreiday have been visited within the past two years by both the Danish traveler, Mr. Barclay Raunikier (Journal, vol. 40, p. 331) and by Captain Leachman (ibid, vol. 43, pp. 500 et seq.) though neither of these took the direct route between Koweit and Riadh.  It remains to be seen whether, and to what extent, the traveler deviated from the route of his predecessors in this part of the journey.  Captain Shakespear has since reached this country.”

The Geographical Journal, Vol. 44, No. 1, Jul., 1914, pp. 95-103 at page 96
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1778799

That report does not do justice to Captain Shakespear’s trek.   In 1914 Shakespear completed a three and a half month, 2,900-kilometre (1,810 mile) journey from Kuwait to Riyadh and on to Aqaba via the Nafud Desert, which he mapped in great detail, taking and developing photographs along the way.  Almost two-thirds of Shakespear's 1,800-mile route was uncharted territory, which he mapped for the first time. Shakespear was an accomplished horse and camel rider, an expert shot and was fluent in Arabic (as well as Punjabi, Urdu, Pushtu and Farsi).   On February 3, 1914 Shakespear left Koweit with a caravan of 10 men, 7 riding camels, 11 baggage camels, 4 sheep and a camera that required the plates to be developed on site.   By mid- May Shakespear had made it to Suez (with fewer camels and men) and Cairo.   Douglas Carruthers (1922), who wrote a detailed description of Captain  Shakespear’s trek,  mentions (at page 324) that  “Shakespear’s trans-Arabian journey covered 1200 miles of unknown territory. ... For the whole distance, 1810 miles, Shakespear kept up a continuous route-traverse, checked at intervals by observations for latitude. He also took, as on his previous journey,  hypsometric readings for altitude, which give a most useful string of heights between the Gulf and the Hijaz Railway.   ... Routes that had hitherto been mere conjecture could now be drawn more or less accurately, many errors were put right, and many a problem solved."  The information Captain Shakespear provided  proved useful to the British War Office and was used when preparing maps of Arabia.

Douglas Carruthers’ (1922) article is entitled  “Captain Shakespear’s Last Journey” and  appeared in volume 59 of the Geographical Journal:  Part 1 in issue number 5, May 1922, at pages  321-334; Part 2 in issue number 6, June 1922, at pages  401-418.  The article includes  numerous photographs taken by Captain Shakespear on his trek and a detailed map.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1780609
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1780633

Carruthers notes (page 325) that “Shakespear set out on his last journey with the full intention of gathering as much geographical knowledge as possible” and mentions that Shakespear noted that buildings were made of limestone (page 327), describes sand dunes (328-9, etc.), indicates the direction of waterflow (333) and the headwaters for certain streams, identified  basalt (page 415) and identified sandstone ridges (page 416).    Carruthers (in footnotes at pages 412-3) mentions that “ Shakespear made some interesting natural history observations on these stages.  His men dug out a wolf’s earth (like the jackal the Eastern wolves go to ground) and he kept and nursed one of the pups for some time.  Later, three days east of Jauf, he was brought an ostrich chick. ...Shakespear also found Hubara Bustard eggs on April 11, and he caught and bottled the venomous Horned Viper, Umm Jeneyb, and another called Zarag (this is described by Huber as Zerraq, a common harmless variety, attaining a length of 4-5 feet).”    Carruthers article makes no mention of Climactichnites.

A map showing the route of  Captain Shakespear’s trek across Arabia can be found in Peter Harrigan’s 2008 article on Captain Shakespear entitled “ The Captain and the King”, that includes photographs by William Henry Irvine Shakespear, that appeared in AramcoWorld,  Volume 59, Number 7, Compilation Issue 2008
http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200807/the.captain.and.the.king-.compilation.htm

When that map is compared with a geologic map of Arabia and recent articles on the geology Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Israel, it is clear that Captain Shakespear’s route took him over Cambrian age sandstones, including  the Cambrian Siq Sandstone  Member and the Saq Sandstone of Saudi Arabia,  Cambrian tide dominated marine sandstones in Jordan, and shallow marine Lower to Middle Cambrian sandstone in the Negev region (Israel).   Those are the right age and type of rocks for Climactichnites.  Interestingly, the Saudi Stratigraphic Committee mentions that the Siq contains “fossil trails, which occur in the sand-flat deposits.”   Promising.  However, trace fossils have been reported from the Cambrian sandstones of Saudi Arabia and Jordan by numerous authors, but no one has reported finding Climactichnites (other than Brown, Schmidt and Huffman (1963) who mention  ‘Climactichnites’ in the text of their report  and in the description for a photograph , but use the term to refer to the radula marks of a large grazing gastropod, rather than to the trail defined by Logan).

A check on the location of the Arabian plate in Cambrian times reveals that it was not close to the Cambrian sandstones of the Laurentian plate  which have yielded specimens of Climactichnites.

My research suggests that Captain Shakespear had an interest in botany and  knew a bit more geology than is revealed by Carruthers article (Captain Shakespear was directly involved in Britain’s negotiations to provide drinking water to Kuwait and to acquire oil from Kuwait, and helped map parts of Kuwait), but is unlikely to have known enough geology to have been able to identify Climactichnites.  I suspect that the identification put on the donated slab was by an employee of the British Museum.  

I have contacted the British Museum to see if they have information on the specimen of Climactichnites.     With luck they will be able to locate it in their collection.

H.V.F. Winstone  has written a biography on Captain Shakespear entitled simply “Captain Shakespear” that was published by Jonathan Cape Ltd., London in 1976.  Though no longer in print it is available from Abe Books, and I’ll order a copy.   I’m particularly interested whether Winstone mentions the slab of Climactichnites and his description of an automobile trip taken by Shakespear in 1907.   Shakespear purchased a Rover automobile in Karachi and drove from the Persian Gulf  across Persia, Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, along the Adriatic Coast to Italy, and on to England —  an incredible accomplishment when you consider that in 1907 there were few roads, no petrol stations,  and that the Rover 8 was a small  two seater:  a single-cylinder, eight-horsepower  car with a  gearbox that allowed the following speeds:   1st gear - 8 mph;    2nd gear - 16 mph;    3rd or top gear - 24 mph;   reverse - 8 mph.

Captain Shakespear’s diaries, maps and papers are available in England.  They might be worth a look should the British Museum not be able to find the specimen, and should H.V.F. Winstone not have covered the specimen in his biography on Captain Shakepear.

I found a number of additional references to Captain Shakespear’s interest in botany and natural history.  I’ve provided them below.

An article on Captain Shakespear that is on King William's College’s web site mentions that Shakespear's collection of pressed plants went to the Natural History Museum, "in many instances the first of their kind to find their way to a western museum, where they remain as evidence of his wide-ranging scientific curiosity and his thoroughness as an explorer."

A few additional sources suggest that Captain Shakespear's collection of pressed plants from Kuwait or Arabia  was donated to Natural History Museum, but I could find little  record of this in the British Museum’s published lists of donations for the years of interest.  The volume Return British Museum 1915 reveals “An Egg of Eupodotis arabs from Central Arabia ; presented by Capt. W. H. I. Shakespear.” was donated British Museum of Natural History.    A check on the British Museum’s online database reveals the following two specimens:

– BM000598601, Family: Orobanchaceae, Genus: Cistanche, Species: lutea, Country: Saudi Arabia , recorded by William Henry Irvine Shakespear.    
– 1920.1.19.2, Scientific name: Felis lybica iraki Cheesman 1920; Class: Mammalia; Order: Carnivora; Locality: Koweit, north-eastern Arabia on the Persian Gulf ; Recorded by: Shakespeare WH;  Collection date: 5 / 1913; Type status: HOLOTYPE ; Other catalog numbers: NHMUK:ecatalogue:4286709; Part type: Skull     http://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/f0cf46ba-5e84-4bbb-9421-009d738565d4

James P. Mandaville (1990), in a book entitled ‘Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia’ mentions that “Captain W. H. I. Shakespear , was the son of a former Indian forestry officer and according to Blatter (1933) collected plants at Kuwait that were sent to the British Museum.”    Professor Blatter commented briefly on Shakespear:  “1915.– Shakespear, William Henry.– He joined the Indian Army in 1898 and entered the political service in 1903.   Was political agent at Koweit.  Here he made a collection of plants which are at the British Museum.  He was killed in the course of tribal fighting in 1915.”

Christopher Brett
Ottawa, Ontario

Addendum (October 24, 2018)
I have finished reading H.V.F. Winstone’s biography on Captain Shakespear, which  contains numerous references to sand dunes, but few references to rocks and no mention of climactichnites or any other fossil. 

For the trip across Arabia Winstone (at page 173)  quotes from Captain Shakepear’s diary notes from Tuesday, April 28, 1914, as follows:
“Off early over very flat plain until we reached top of Jauf basin.  Got some bearings to hills, etc.  Descent into Jauf drops over four successive ledges, a white limestone, and red slatey-looking close-grain stone, similar to that at Majmaa, and greyish close-grain stone, almost a green colour, and again limestone or chalk.  This is the order of descent.  In the basin immediately struck three new plants (or rather not seen since Kuwait), a red Hamth, Shigara and useless though pretty shrub called ... (must find out what this one is)...”

Winstone mentions (at pages 187-188) that upon Captain Shakepear’s return to London “[Shakespear] worked at a tremendous pace in his hotel room, completing his journals of the trans-Arabia journey and labelling his natural history specimens, ...  He was proposed for fellowship in the Royal Geographical Society... The collection of plants that he made on his way across the desert and carefully preserved, was presented to the Natural History Museum.  His botanical specimens were in many instances the first of their kind to find their way to a British, or indeed a western, museum; and they remain to the present day as evidence of his wide-ranging scientific curiosity and thoroughness as an explorer.  Another collection, left with Douglas Baird in India, was presented to the same museum in 1916 and in 1920 the Bombay Natural History Society sent it the wildcat he shot near Kuwait which became the named example of the sub-species felis ocreata iraki, or as the badu call it, burr.”

The Natural History Museum acknowledged receipt of my enquiry, but has not yet reported that they have been able to locate the slab with tracks (climactichnites) donated by Capt. Shakespear.

References

Ethelbert Blatter, 1933,
Flora Arabica, The Botanical Exploration of Arabia.  Records of the Botanical Survey of India, Volume VIII, No. 5, pages 451-487 at page 493
https://www.wdl.org/en/item/17115/view/1/49/

Glen F. Brown, Dwight L. Schmidt and A. Curtis Huffman, Jr., 1963
Geology of the Arabian Peninsula, Shield Area of Western Saudi Arabia
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 560-A, 147 pages plus maps and plates.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/report.pdf
The report refers to ‘Climactichnites’  at pages A106 and A107 and in the description for  photograph C in Figure 39, as follows:
A106:   Siq sandstone ... The fossils are Cruziana sp. (Not ...)  and what appear to be radula marks of a large grazing gastropod, possibly Climactichnites sp. (Fig. 39C), which is found elsewhere in the Potsdam sandstone of Late Cambrian age.
A107: “If this correlation is valid and if the Cruziana sp. And Climactichnites (?) bed 275 km southeast are Upper Cambrian (Potsdamian), the sandstone becomes progressively younger toward the southeast and represents and onlapping shallow marine tongue.”
Figure 39 – The Siq Sandstone... C. Cruziana sp. track in Siq Sandstone. Markings to the right of the knife appear to be grazing marks of a gastropod, probably Climactichnites (?) Sp. Of late Cambrian (?) Age. Near Jabal Abadiyah (lat 26∘24' N., long 38∘ 42' E.)

A Glacial Sand and Clay Deposit in the Basement of St. Paul's United Church on Gore Street in Perth, Ontario

On Tuesday of last week I received an email from Bob Sneyd who wanted to know if I would be interested in a “fascinating cross section of the last 10,000 years or so...in a dry and covered location.”   That piqued my interest.  We spoke on the phone and I determined that in the course of renovations, and excavating in the basement to install an elevator, a cross-section of glacial clay and sediment that had been revealed under St. Paul's United Church on Gore Street in Perth.  I visited the church on Thursday and took the following photographs.

Bob pointed out that the layers alternate sandy layers with clay layers,  with a massive grey clay at the bottom of the pit, and a thin layer of soil forming the top layer of the sequence.   In the photographs the clay layers are dark grey while the sandy layers are a buff to beige colour.

An interesting question is whether these sediments were deposited in the Champlain Sea or in Lake Iroquois.   Lake Iroquois, a precursor of Lake Ontario, was a freshwater lake that formed adjacent to the retreating glacier, encompassed all of present day Lake Ontario and covered Prince Edward County, Kingston and what is now the town of Perth.  In contrast, the Champlain Sea was a marine body of water that formed after the glacier had retreated far enough north for the ocean to flood the St. Lawrence River valley, the lower Ottawa River valley and much of Eastern Ontario.   The maximum westward extent of the Champlain Sea is generally considered to fall just east of the town of Perth.  The sediments deposited in both the Champlain Sea and Lake Iroquois can consist of stratified clay, silt and sand, with one of the differences between the deposits being that marine fossils are found in the Champlain Sea deposits while freshwater fossils are found in Lake Iroquois deposits.    A further complication is that the western part of the Champlain Sea basin displays a “sequence of depositional environments from freshwater [glacial lake] to marine (Champlain Sea) to freshwater" (Rodriques, 1987).   While the Leda clay deposits of the Champlain Sea are well exposed throughout Eastern Ontario, and have been extensively described in the literature (e.g., see Gadd, 1986), comparatively little has been written about the deposits of Lake Iroquois other than the deposits which are exposed in the Toronto-Hamilton region.

I included a map of the maximum extent of the Champlain Sea as part of my April 24, 2015 blog posting entitled ‘Hunting for Whales in Eastern Ontario.’    I included a map of Lake Iroquois as part of my  September 17,  2014 blog posting entitled ‘Lake Iroquois and the Glaciofluvial Deltaic Deposit at Joes Lake, Lanark Highlands, Ontario.’   That map of Lake Iroquois was prepared in 1936 by A.P. Coleman of the Ontario Department of Mines.  Since Coleman prepared his map, new investigations have found Lake Iroquois deposits further north.  Below is a map that I adapted from a map that appeared in Anderson (1987), which is part of Fulton (1987), showing both (A) the boundaries of Lake Iroquois and other proglacial freshwater lakes (including Glacial Lake Vermont that formed in the Lake Champlain valley) and (B)  the extent of the Champlain Sea.

I  referenced  I. M. Kettles’ map showing the Surficial Geology of the Perth Area with my April 18, 2013 blog posting entitled ‘Glacial Erratics and Eskers in the Township of Lanark Highlands, Lanark County, Ontario’ and included extracts from her map as part of that posting.  Below is an additional extract from her map on which I have marked with a florescent pink square the location of St. Paul's United Church in Perth, Ontario .

Map units 5a and 5b, which are blue, represent Champlain Sea deposits.  Map units 4a and 4b, which are purple, represent glacial lake deposits.    Map unit 5a is just to the east of Perth and within about 300 meters of  St. Paul's United Church.  Map unit 4a can be found east, west, north and south of Perth.  

On her map I. M. Kettles  used the symbol of a lower case letter ‘f’ within a circle to identify a fossil locality for a freshwater species and an upper case letter ‘F’ in a circle to identify a fossil locality for a marine species.   I do not see any such localities on the extract that I have provided.
       
Those wanting to look at the layered deposit in the basement of  St. Paul's United Church should act promptly, as the construction of the elevator will destroy the view.

Christopher Brett
Perth and Ottawa

+++++++++++++++++++++++++
Suggested Reading and References:


Anderson, T. W., 1987
Terrestrial Environments and age of the Champlain Sea based on Pollen Stratigraphy of the Ottawa Valley - Lake Ontario region, pages 31-42, in Fulton, R. J., editor, 1987,  Quaternary Geology of the Ottawa Region, Ontario and Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada Paper 86-23, 47 pages https://doi.org/10.4095/122374

Barnett, P. J., 1992
Quaternary Geology of Ontario, Chapter 21 in Geology of Ontario, Special Volume 4, Part 2, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Publication, SV04-02
http://www.geologyontario.mndmf.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/SV04-02/SV04-02.pdf
   
Donnelly,  Jeffrey P.,  Neal W. Driscoll, Elazar Uchupi, Lloyd D. Keigwin, William C. Schwab, E. Robert Thieler, Stephen A. Swift, 2005
Catastrophic meltwater discharge down the Hudson Valley: A potential trigger for the Intra-Allerød cold period.   Geology (2005) 33 (2): 89-92.
https://doi.org/10.1130/G21043.1

Fulton, R. J., 1987
Quaternary Geology of the Ottawa Region, Ontario and Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada Paper 86-23, 47 pages    https://doi.org/10.4095/122374

Gadd, N. R., 1986
Lithofacies of Leda Clay in the Ottawa Basin of the Champlain Sea. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 85-21, 44 pages    https://doi.org/10.4095/120619

Karrow, P. F., 1989
Quaternary geology Great Lakes subregion; in Chapter 4 Quaternary Geology of Canada an Greenland, ed., R. J. Fulton, J. A. Heginbottom, and S. Funder; Geological Survey of Canada. Geology of Canada, No. 1.,  1989 p. 326-350,  839 pages (5 sheets) https://doi.org/10.4095/131535
   
Karrow, P. F. , Clarke,  A. H. and  Herrington, H. B., 1972
Pleistocene Molluscs from Lake Iroquois Deposits in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1972, 9(5): 589-595, https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-047

Kettles, I. M., 1992
Surficial Geology, Perth, Ontario.  Geological Survey of Canada,  "A" Series Map 1800A, 1992, 1 sheet,
https://doi.org/10.4095/183815

Kettles, I. M., 1992
Glacial geology and glacial sediment geochemistry in the Clyde Forks - Westport area of Ontario, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper no. 91-17, 39 pages,
https://doi.org/10.4095/133492
   
Kettles, I. M. And  Rodrigues, C. G., 1993
Evaluation of glacial Lake Iroquois shoreline data from south-central and eastern Ontario;  in, Current Research, Part E; Geological Survey of Canada; Paper no. 93-1E, 1993 p. 271-274, https://doi.org/10.4095/184120

Lewis, C. F. M.; Todd, B. J.; 1995   
Sediments and Late Quaternary history of Lake Ontario, in, Regional geology and tectonic setting of Lake Ontario region; Sharpe, D R; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 3114, 1995 p. 1-14,   https://doi.org/10.4095/205054

Lougheed, Stephen C. and Morrill, Natalie
Quaternary History of Eastern Ontario: Impacts on Physical Landscape and Biota
http://opinicon.wordpress.com/physical-environment/quaternary/

Rodriquez, Cyril G., 1987
Late Pleistocene Invertebrate Macrofossils, Microfossils and Depositional Environments of the Western Basin of the Champlain Sea, pages 16-23, in Fulton, R. J., editor, 1987,  Quaternary Geology of the Ottawa Region, Ontario and Quebec.  Geological Survey of Canada Paper 86-23, 47 pages     https://doi.org/10.4095/122374